The US Senate unanimously passed a bill on Saturday that would shield US airlines from paying for their carbon emissions on European flights, pressuring the European Union to back down from applying its emissions law to foreign carriers.
The European Commission has been enforcing its law since January to make all airlines take part in its Emissions Trading Scheme to combat global warming, prompting threats of a trade fight.
The Senate approved the bill shortly after midnight, as it scrambled to complete business to recess ahead of the November 6 congressional and presidential elections.
Republican Senator John Thune, a sponsor of the measure, said it sent a "strong message" to the EU that it cannot impose taxes on the United States.
"The Senate's action today will help ensure that US air carriers and passengers will not be paying down European debt through this illegal tax and can instead be investing in creating jobs and stimulating our own economy," Thune said in a statement.
Democrat Senator Claire McCaskill, the measure's other chief sponsor, said, "It's refreshing to see strong, bipartisan support for the common-sense notion that Americans shouldn't be forced to pay a European tax when flying in US airspace."
The House of Representatives has passed a similar measure, and could either work out differences with the Senate's version or accept the Senate bill when Congress returns for a post-election session.
Clark Stevens, a White House spokesman, said the administration is reviewing the bill.
So far, nearly all airlines have complied reluctantly with the EU law, but Chinese and Indian carriers missed an interim deadline to submit information required under it.
China earlier this year threatened retaliation - including impounding European aircraft - if the EU punishes Chinese airlines for not complying with its emissions trading scheme.
The dispute between China and the EU froze Airbus purchase deals worth up to USD$14 billion, though China signed an agreement for 50 Airbus planes worth over USD$4 billion during German Chancellor Angela Merkel's visit to Beijing last month.
The Senate bill gives the US transportation secretary authority to stop US airlines from complying with the EU law.
But a new amendment agreed to during negotiations among lawmakers said the secretary could reconsider the prohibition if the EU trading scheme is amended, an international alternative is agreed to, or the United States implements its own programme to address aviation emissions."
The bill increases pressure on the UN International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) to devise a global alternative to the EU law.
Connie Hedegaard, the European Climate Commissioner, said on Saturday that while the bill encourages the United States to work within the ICO for a global deal on aviation emissions, she is sceptical that Washington will accept such a deal.
"It's not enough to say you want it, you have to work hard to get it done," she said. "That means that the US needs to change its approach in ICAO and show willingness to actually seal a meaningful global deal that will facilitate action."
Annie Petsonk, a lawyer for the Environmental Defence Fund, said the bill will pile pressure on the UN body, which has been working on a global framework for years.
"Passage of the Thune bill amps up the pressure on ICAO to move swiftly to reach a global agreement on addressing aviation's global warming pollution," she said.
